Photomultiplier Tube Side-On (Tube Only) | SIMTRUM Photonics Store

Photomultiplier Tube Sind-on( Tube Only)

Photomultiplier tubes can convert weak light signals into strong electric signals through the photoelectric effect and electron multiplication effect, and can amplify weak signals 105-108 times, while having very high sensitivity and gain, so it has important applications in many fields such as particle physics, astronomy, and medical imaging.

Product Specifications 

Other Parameter

 Typical Spectral Response Curve 

LA-BY01-Tube-S1

Product Specifications 

Othr Parameter

  Typical Spectral Response Curve

LA-BY01-Tube-S2-01/02/03	LA-BY01-Tube-S2-04/05
LA-BY01-Tube-S2-06/07/08	LA-BY01-Tube-S2-09

Dimension

LA-BY01-Tube-S2

A photomultiplier tube is an electronic device that converts weak light signals into electrical signals. Its working principle is based on the photoelectric effect and electron multiplication effect, the specific process is as follows:

Photon incident: When a photon (light signal) enters the front end of the photomultiplier tube, it hits the photocathode. The photocathode releases electrons through the photoelectric effect. When a photon hits the photocathode, it excites electrons (photoelectrons), which are attracted to subsequent electrodes.

Electron acceleration: These released photoelectrons are applied a voltage and begin to accelerate, moving toward multiple secondary electrodes (also called multiplier poles) inside the photomultiplier tube.

Electron multiplication: The photomultiplier tube has multiple multiplication poles (usually more than 10), which are added to the increasing voltage to form a high electric field. As electrons travel through these multipliers, they collide with material in the multipliers and excite more electrons. Each collision causes the original electrons to "multiply", resulting in more electronic signals.

Current output: After multiple multipliers, a strong electron flow (i.e., current) is eventually formed on the last multiplier pole (anode), which is proportional to the number of incident photons. Through an external circuit, this current can be converted into a corresponding electrical signal.

PMT Voltage distribution ratio

The function of the voltage divider is to provide appropriate voltage for the multiplication stages of the photomultiplier tube, thereby achieving continuous and stable multiplication and realizing its amplification function. The design of the voltage divider affects the resolution, linearity and stability of the photomultiplier tube. Generally, we divide the voltage divider into three parts: the front stage (cathode and the first multiplication stage), the intermediate stage and the final stage. The functions of each part are as follows:

(1) Cathode and the first multiplication stage

The design of the front stage mainly affects the collection efficiency of electrons, the secondary electron emission coefficient of the first multiplication stage, time characteristics, signal-to-noise ratio, etc. An inappropriate front stage voltage division can lead to deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce the collection efficiency of photoelectrons.

(2) Intermediate multiplication stages

The intermediate multiplication stages generally use uniform voltage dividers to provide continuous and stable amplification. The voltage division size can be selected according to the required gain.

(3) Final stage voltage divider

The final stage voltage divider determines the output linearity of the photomultiplier tube. In some applications, if the pulse intensity at the output is high, to reduce the influence of the space charge effect, a larger voltage can be applied between the last few multiplication stages and the anode with higher charge density to reduce the influence of the space charge effect. At the same time, to avoid the last few multiplication stages being affected by the distribution of the multiplication stage potential due to excessive signal pulse current, decoupling capacitors are often connected between the last several multiplication stages.

Photomultipliers Tube (PMT)

Assemblies and Counting Unit

High Voltage Tube Socket	High Voltage Tube Socket for Side Window	Voltage Power Supply	Counting Unit

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